Pressure

We recently got a sprinkler system for our house, so I was wondering how it works. Of course, I thought, there must be physics involved. So then came the idea for my blog: to find out how our sprinkler system works. After a whole year of physics, I was able to deduce that the water is pumped to the sprinklers under pressure, and I was right. Sprinkler systems uses jet pumps to get the water from a source to the sprinkler heads. The pump pushes the water up from the ground through the underground pipes. Sounds a lot like what we learned in physics about pressure. Pressure is equal to force over area, and since the area of a sprinkler system doesn’t change, the force has to be increased to increase the pressure and get water flowing. I’m glad that pressure is able to water our yard but now I’m thinking that we need it to tell us when it will rain so that our sprinkler system doesn’t go off when it is raining. Speaking of pressure, I think we need a barometer! Barometers measure atmospheric pressure, the pressure created by the weight in the atmosphere. Therefore, a barometer could probably tell us when it will rain because there will be more pressure in the atmosphere.

Driving

I have been learning to drive on the road and noticed some things that are physics related. For example, when you keep your foot on the gas pedal, the car keeps accelerating. The harder you push on it, or the more force you apply to it, the faster it goes. In addition, there are three mirrors that you use: the rear-view mirror and the side-view mirrors. Each of them use reflection to help the driver be more aware of what’s behind them, but they are different types of mirrors. The rear-view mirror is a plane mirror while the side-view mirrors are convex mirrors to help the driver have a wider field of vision. The picture to the left is a picture I took while I was on a road trip. You can see the plane mirror in it. Last but not least, there is a bit of uniform circular motion when you drive because when you turn the car, you want to keep it at the same speed so that you can predict where the car will go. That’s pretty much it for the physics that I’ve realized so far while driving.

Rotation in Tennis

My week was pretty mundane, however, I did practice tennis and remember some movements involving physics. This week, I worked on hitting the ball out of the air. This is hard to do because you need to rotate your body to generate speed and get the ball to go over the net. I realized that rotating your body makes it easier to hit the ball hard rather than just slapping at the ball because you produce angular momentum as you are rotating towards the ball. If you just try to hit the ball by using you arm, your arm and your shoulder will get sore because you aren’t following the laws of physics by using torque. I think rotational forces are stronger than linear ones, which is why you should rotate your body but also lean forward as you hit the ball because you need both angular and linear momentum to get the ball to go forward and hit the ball hard. This is a pretty simple concept in tennis, but it requires hard work to rotate and hit through the ball every single time. That’s why you have to go back to the basics and think about the rules of physics.

Malasadas

Okay, I had a pretty tiring weekend so far. I mainly just played tennis and hung out at the fair. What I remember most from last night was making malasadas, so I'm going to try to explain the physics involved in making malasadas. First, to make sure your hands don't stick to the dough, you need to put oil on them. Next, when you get the dough, you have to massage it and spread it out to get the bubbles out. Then, to actually make the malasadas, you need to grab some dough, make a ring shape with your fingers on one hand, and use the other hand to push the dough up through your fingers. You need to make sure the dough is smooth on top so that the malasadas cook properly. Finally when the malasada ball looks smooth and round, you pinch off the bottom to get it to the size that you need it to be. I think by learning the physical aspects of making malasadas, I was able to make the malasadas more effectively and more tasty.

Hot Tub Jets

I went to a pool party yesterday and sitting in the hot tub made me wonder how a hot tub actually works. So, I looked it up on the internet. It turns out that there is a lot of physics involved in the functioning of a hot tub. I learned that a hot tub works by pulling water through a system of pipes and through a heating device before ejecting the water into the tub. Some kind of suction or pressure filtration system draws the water from the hot tub and into a filter. The water is checked for impurities, goes through a pump, and finally, the water gets filtered. After getting filtered, the next step in the process is heating the water. The water is heated to a certain temperature, and there are flow switches and an overheating switch that are used to control the temperature and flow of the water. The water then passes through pipes before reaching the jets. Today, the jets of hot tubs use air induction, which allows warm water to mix with air, to make the stream of water from the jets extra strong. Now I know the sort of physics that goes on in producing the stream of water from hot tub jets.

Wave Interference Patterns

When I was taking a bath the other day, I squeezed the water out of my hair in the bathtub and noticed interference patterns forming from the droplets of water. There were regions of dark and bright interference. I realized that I could create my own constructive and destructive interference patterns. Today, I decided to try creating them again in my sink. In the picture, you can see waves of constructive and destructive interference. They remind me of waves in the ocean. The higher points (crests) are constructive interference and the lower points (troughs) are destructive interference. The shape of the medium can be determined by the sum of the amplitude of interfering waves. Constructive interference occurs when a crest meets a crest, creating yet a bigger crest. Destructive interference occurs when a crest meets a trough or vice versa, creating very small peaks. From doing this little experiment, I learned first hand how waves are created and what constructive and destructive interference look like.

Contact Lenses and Reflection

I didn’t really experience anything exciting that was physics-related this week; however, when I was putting in my contacts this morning, I remembered that we are learning about lenses. I always wanted to know how contact lenses worked ever since I got them because my vision improved dramatically when I got contacts. I’m nearsighted, which means that my eyes can’t focus on far away objects because the light rays converge in front of the retinas in my eyes. Therefore, I need diverging lenses in order to help me see faraway things because diverging lenses make the light rays diverge a little more so that they can converge farther away, at the retinas. When I was looking at my contacts, I also realized that they are fatter at the edges than at the center, just like our textbook says about diverging lenses for nearsightedness. When I was taking the picture of my contacts for this blog, I also realized that I was in front of a plane mirror, and since we are also learning about reflection, I decided to incorporate the image of my contact lenses in the picture.